6.0 机制发生改变

新的权限机制更好的保护了用户的隐私，Google将权限分为两类，一类是Normal Permissions，这类权限一般不涉及用户隐私，是不需要用户进行授权的，比如手机震动、访问网络等；另一类是Dangerous Permission，一般是涉及到用户隐私的，需要用户进行授权，比如读取sdcard、访问通讯录等。

危险权限

  1. LOCATION

    ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
    ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

  2. PHONE

    READ_PHONE_STATE
    CALL_PHONE
    READ_CALL_LOG
    WRITE_CALL_LOG
    ADD_VOICEMAIL
    USE_SIP
    PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS

  3. STORAGE

    READ_EXTERNAL_STORAG
    WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

在AndroidManifest中添加需要的权限

检查权限

ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission —主要用于检测某个权限是否已经被授予
方法返回值

  • PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED 拒绝
  • PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED 同意
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    if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
            != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    }else{
        //
    }

申请权限

该方法是异步的，第一个参数是Context；第二个参数是需要申请的权限的字符串数组；第三个参数为requestCode，主要用于回调的时候检测。可以从方法名requestPermissions以及第二个参数看出，是支持一次性申请多个权限的，系统会通过对话框逐一询问用户是否授权

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ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
                new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

处理申请的回调

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@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
        String permissions[], int[] grantResults) {
    switch (requestCode) {
        case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
            // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
            if (grantResults.length > 0
                && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // permission was granted, yay! Do the
                // contacts-related task you need to do.
            } else {
                // permission denied, boo! Disable the
                // functionality that depends on this permission.
            }
            return;
        }
    }
}

申请权限的解释

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if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,
        Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) 
    // Show an expanation to the user *asynchronously* -- don't block
    // this thread waiting for the user's response! After the user
    // sees the explanation, try again to request the permission.
}

总结

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// Here, thisActivity is the current activity
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity,
                Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    // Should we show an explanation?
    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,
            Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {
 new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this)
                        .setMessage("app需要开启权限才能使用此功能")
                        .setPositiveButton("设置", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialogInterface, int i) {
                                Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
                                intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
                                startActivity(intent);
                            }
                        })
                        .setNegativeButton("取消", null)
                        .create()
                        .show();
        // Show an expanation to the user *asynchronously* -- don't block
        // this thread waiting for the user's response! After the user
        // sees the explanation, try again to request the permission.
    } else {
        // No explanation needed, we can request the permission.
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
                new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
        // MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS is an
        // app-defined int constant. The callback method gets the
        // result of the request.
    }
}
`